{"id":862,"date":"2019-02-10T12:30:42","date_gmt":"2019-02-10T12:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/?p=862"},"modified":"2019-11-25T15:33:14","modified_gmt":"2019-11-25T15:33:14","slug":"genocida-pri-kolonizaci-ameriky-ochladila-zemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/2019\/02\/10\/genocida-pri-kolonizaci-ameriky-ochladila-zemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Genocida p\u0159i kolonizaci Ameriky ochladila Zemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“3.0.47″ custom_padding=“0|0px|48px|0px|false|false“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.0.48″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.0.47″][et_pb_text _builder_version=“3.15″]P\u0159i kolonizaci Ameriky na konci 15. stolet\u00ed bylo zabito tolik lid\u00ed, \u017ee to naru\u0161ilo klimatickou rovnov\u00e1hu Zem\u011b<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“3.15″]Podle v\u011bdc\u016f z University College London ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed do\u0161lo v\u00a0d\u016fsledku osidlov\u00e1n\u00ed Ameriky Evropany k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee obrovsk\u00fd p\u00e1s opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy rychle zarostl n\u00e1letov\u00fdmi stromy a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed vegetac\u00ed. To st\u00e1hlo z\u00a0atmosf\u00e9ry tolik oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, \u017ee to ochladilo planetu.<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding=“1px|0px|2px|0px|false|false“ _builder_version=“3.0.48″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.0.47″][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Discovery_of_the_Mississippi.jpg“ force_fullwidth=“on“ _builder_version=“3.15″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=“3.15″]V obdob\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9m jako \u201eMal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1\u201c do\u0161lo k poklesu sv\u011btov\u00e9 teploty o\u00a00,15\u00b0C, co\u017e naru\u0161ilo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0zp\u016fsobilo n\u011bkolik hladomor\u016f v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Jak p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed Alexander Koch a\u00a0spolupracovn\u00edci ve\u00a0studii vydan\u00e9 v\u00a0<\/span>Quaternary Science Reviews<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/u>, „Velk\u00e9 vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed domorod\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f Severn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed\u00a0 Ameriky vedlo k opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tolika zem\u011bd\u011blsky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u016fdy, \u017ee n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 absorpce zemsk\u00e9ho uhl\u00edku m\u011bla vysledovateln\u00fd dopad na atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd CO<\/span>\u2082<\/span> a na celosv\u011btov\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 teploty vzduchu.\u201c<\/span><\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding=“26px|0px|24px|0px|false|false“ _builder_version=“3.0.48″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.0.47″][et_pb_text _builder_version=“3.15″]Co v\u00fdzkum zjistil<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fdm p\u0159ezkoumal v\u0161echna dostupn\u00e1 popula\u010dn\u00ed data ohledn\u011b toho, kolik lid\u00ed \u017eilo v Americe p\u0159ed prvn\u00edm stykem s\u00a0Evropany v roce 1492. Potom odhadoval, jak se tyto po\u010dty zm\u011bnily v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch, kdy\u017e byly oba kontinenty pusto\u0161eny zavle\u010den\u00fdmi chorobami (ne\u0161tovice, spalni\u010dky), v\u00e1lkou, otroctv\u00edm a rozpadem spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Skupina v\u011bdc\u016f z UCL odhaduje, \u017ee v\u00a0Severn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe \u017eilo na konci 15. stolet\u00ed 60 mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed (asi 10 % celkov\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace) a \u017ee b\u011bhem jednoho stolet\u00ed tento po\u010det klesl na asi p\u011bt nebo \u0161est mili\u00f3n\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci z\u00a0UCL tak\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edtali, kolik p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 byla d\u0159\u00edve obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1na domorod\u00fdmi civilizacemi, p\u0159estalo b\u00fdt obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1no a jak\u00fd dopad by m\u011blo, kdyby bylo toto \u00fazem\u00ed rychle znovu zalesn\u011bno. Jednalo se o oblast asi 56 mili\u00f3n\u016f hektar\u016f, tedy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 tak velk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed jako dne\u0161n\u00ed Francie. Odhaduje se, \u017ee rychl\u00e9 op\u011btovn\u00e9 zalesn\u011bn\u00ed v takov\u00e9m by st\u00e1hlo tolik CO<\/span>\u2082,<\/span> \u017ee by jeho koncentrace v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e klesla o 7-10ppm (tj. 7-10 molekul CO<\/span>\u2082<\/span> v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m jednom mili\u00f3nu molekul vzduchu). \u201eAbychom to dali do sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho kontextu, my dnes spalujeme (fosiln\u00ed paliva) a\u00a0produkujeme asi 3ppm ro\u010dn\u011b. Tak\u017ee tu jde o velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku, kter\u00fd byl vys\u00e1v\u00e1n z\u00a0atmosf\u00e9ry,\u201c vysv\u011btluje spoluautor prof. Mark Maslin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV t\u00e9 dob\u011b (tj. na p\u0159elomu 16. a 17. stolet\u00ed) do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu ochlazen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1, a je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee vid\u00edme, \u017ee mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st toho ochlazen\u00ed byla zp\u016fsobena p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi procesy, ale aby nastalo ochlazen\u00ed v\u00a0tom rozsahu, v\u00a0jak\u00e9m nastalo \u2013 co\u017e byl dvojn\u00e1sobek t\u011bch p\u0159irozen\u00fdch proces\u016f \u2013 byl pot\u0159eba ten pokles v\u00a0hodnot\u00e1ch CO<\/span>\u2082<\/span> zp\u016fsoben\u00fd genocidou.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm je v\u00fdzkum podpo\u0159en<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Pokles mno\u017estv\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho CO<\/span>\u2082<\/span> v\u00a0dob\u011b Velk\u00e9ho vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed je patrn\u00fd ze zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed ledov\u00fdch jader v Antarktid\u011b. Vzduchov\u00e9 bublinky uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0t\u011bchto zmrzl\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch vykazuj\u00ed pokles v\u00a0koncentraci oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Jeho atomov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed tak\u00e9 d\u00e1v\u00e1 siln\u00e9 d\u016fvody se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee pokles byl zp\u016fsoben suchozemsk\u00fdmi procesy n\u011bkde na Zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fdm UCL nav\u00edc \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh dob\u0159e lad\u00ed s doklady p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi v\u00a0lo\u017eisc\u00edch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed a v\u00a0pylov\u00fdch usazenin\u00e1ch Severn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky. Ty vykazuj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00e9 vych\u00fdlen\u00ed, jak\u00e9 by se dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, kdy\u017e n\u00e1hle poklesne vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b p\u0159i nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0krajinou a dojde k velk\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu p\u0159irozen\u00e9 vegetace. Ed Hawkins, profesor klimatologie na Reading University, nebyl ve v\u00fdzkumu zapojen. Dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eV\u011bdci ch\u00e1pou, \u017ee takzvanou Malou dobu ledovou zp\u016fsobilo n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f \u2013 pokles v mno\u017estv\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, \u0159ada velk\u00fdch sope\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f, zm\u011bny ve vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a do\u010dasn\u00fd pokles sol\u00e1rn\u00ed aktivity. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tato nov\u00e1 studie ukazuje, \u017ee pokles v mno\u017estv\u00ed CO<\/span>\u2082<\/span> byl \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b d\u016fsledkem osidlov\u00e1n\u00ed Amerik a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho rozpadu domorod\u00fdch populac\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e byl umo\u017en\u011bn op\u011btovn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst p\u0159irozen\u00e9 vegetace. Ukazuje, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost ovliv\u0148ovala klima <\/span>d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed t\u00edm, n\u011b\u017e za\u010dala pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce<\/span><\/a>.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme pou\u010dit<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Spoluautor studie dr. Chris Brierley \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt stra\u0161liv\u00e9 popula\u010dn\u00ed krize ilustruje v\u00fdzvu, j\u00ed\u017e \u010del\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 krize. \u201eHodn\u011b se mluv\u00ed o \u201anegativn\u00edch emis\u00edch\u2018 a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00e1zen\u00ed strom\u016f k\u00a0absorpci CO<\/span>\u2082<\/span> z\u00a0atmosf\u00e9ry, aby se zm\u00edrnila klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna,\u201c \u0159ekl pro BBC News. \u201eA tato studie ukazuje, v\u00a0jak\u00e9m rozsahu je to pot\u0159eba, proto\u017ee v d\u016fsledku Velk\u00e9ho vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed bylo znovu zalesn\u011bno \u00fazem\u00ed o velikosti Francie a to dalo jen p\u00e1r ppm. Je to u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 a ukazuje n\u00e1m to, co znovuzalesn\u011bn\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee. Ale na druhou stranu takov\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je zhruba ekvivalentn\u00ed dv\u011bma rok\u016fm emis\u00ed ze spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e spalov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie tak\u00e9 souvis\u00ed s\u00a0diskus\u00ed o nov\u00e9m n\u00e1zvu, kter\u00fd by vystihoval dobu, kdy na Zemi \u017eij\u00ed lid\u00e9, a\u00a0jejich vliv na ni. T\u00e9to epo\u0161e se m\u00e1 \u0159\u00edkat Antropoc\u00e9n a v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 \u017eiv\u00e1 diskuse o\u00a0tom, jak by m\u011bl b\u00fdt rozpozn\u00e1n v\u00a0geologick\u00fdch dokladech. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee by byl nejv\u00edce z\u0159ejm\u00fd v\u00a0usazenin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed velik\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 aktivity od pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed. R\u00fdm z UCL v\u0161ak poukazuje na to, \u017ee Velk\u00e9 vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Severn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe je dokladem, \u017ee k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm lidsk\u00fdm interakc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 zanechaly hlubokou a\u00a0nesmazatelnou stopu na planet\u011b, doch\u00e1zelo d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed t\u00edm. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroje: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-47063973<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/popularresistance.org\/genocide-of-native-americans-so-devastating-it-literally-cooled-the-planet\/
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P\u0159i kolonizaci Ameriky na konci 15. stolet\u00ed bylo zabito tolik lid\u00ed, \u017ee to naru\u0161ilo klimatickou rovnov\u00e1hu Zem\u011b Podle v\u011bdc\u016f z University College London ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed do\u0161lo v\u00a0d\u016fsledku osidlov\u00e1n\u00ed Ameriky Evropany k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee obrovsk\u00fd p\u00e1s opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy rychle zarostl n\u00e1letov\u00fdmi stromy a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed vegetac\u00ed. To st\u00e1hlo z\u00a0atmosf\u00e9ry tolik oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, \u017ee to ochladilo planetu. V […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[5,14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/862"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=862"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1481,"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/862\/revisions\/1481"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zitlaudatosi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}